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\caption{\textbf{Application 1}} \\


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                  1. Name of infrastructure & Regional Astronomical Centre for Research and Education (RACIO, coming from the abbreviation of the Bulgarian translation) \\
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                  2. Website & \url{http://www.nrri-bg.com/infrastructures/racio} \\
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                  3. Location & Sofia, Rozhen, Shumen\\
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                  4. Type of institution & Nonprofit organization, Consortium \\
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                  5. Subject area & Astronomy and Astrophysics -- Scientific Research, Scientific Instrumentation, Education (University undergraduate and graduate levels), Outreach \\
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                  6. Type of RI & \begin{itemize}
                                   \item fundamental research
                                   \item education
                                   \item outreach
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                  7. Short description & \begin{enumerate} \item RACIO combines scientific research, education outreach programs, executed by researchers and university lecturers from the Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), the Astronomy Department (St Kliment Ohridski Sofia University) and the Astronomical Center (Konstantin Preslavski University of Shumen). \item RACIO is based on the current research and educational infrastructure and builds upon the existing links between the above three institutions. A unifying center for the development of the consortium is the National Astronomical Observatory Rozhen (NAO). \item The main objectives of RACIO are: efficient development of scientific research, improving the existing conditions and attracting new researchers; educational and outreach activities in the field of Astronomy and Astrophysics in Bulgaria; affirming the position of Bulgaria as a regional Astronomical Center and integration within the European Astronomical Structures. \end{enumerate} \\
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                  8. Category of RI (facilities / type; databases / type; complexes / type) & RACIO is a large and open access scientific infrastructure in Bulgaria, combining the available instrumentation for astronomical observations, research groups working in the field of Astronomy, centers for education of university students at all levels. RACIO will allow wide access for scientists from all over the world to Bulgarian astronomical instrumentation. RACIO will popularize Astronomy to the general public by giving unlimited access to the astronomical instruments, appearing in the media,  preparing press releases on current interesting astronomical events, organizing public observing sessions, and providing logistic help to amateur astronomers. \\
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                  9. Year of commissioning & 2010 \\
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                  10. RI includes: \begin{itemize} \item Large-scale scientific equipment; \item Research digital collection, archive and / or structured information; \item IT-based infrastructure; \item Unique formations of research units connected in a network. \end{itemize} & RACIO aims to provide support and further development of the existing astronomical infrastructure in Bulgaria (telescopes, light detectors, and other auxiliary instrumentation, educational centers, buildings, etc.) including: \begin{enumerate} \item The National Astronomical Observatory (NAO) -- the largest working astronomical infrastructure in the region of Southeastern Europe. The equipment consists of four telescopes: universal 200 cm Ritchey-Chretien-Coude reflector, 50/70 cm Schmidt telescope, 60 cm Cassegrain telescope -- all three made by Carl Zeiss factory, and 15 cm Lyot coronagraph. The 200 cm telescope has coudé and direct focuses, it is equipped with two liquid nitrogen cooled professional CCD cameras, UBVRI and interference filter sets, and two-channel focal reducer FoReRo 2, high-resolution echelle spectrograph ESPERO. The smaller telescopes are equipped with thermo-electric cooled CCD cameras and UBVRI, Sloan and number of narrow-band filter sets. \item Astronomy Department at St Kliment Ohridski Sofia University with Astronomical Observatory, Borissova Gradina, Sofia and Student Astronomical Observatory (SAO) Plana. \item Astronomical Center of Shumen University (AC ShU)
RACIO creates and develops: astronomical database with astronomical observations archive; communication network for exchange of unique astronomical observations worldwide; opportunity for doing remote-controlled astronomical observations; a network of robotic telescopes (under development); visitor centers for astronomical outreach at NAO Rozhen, AO, Sofia, and the Astronomical Center of the University of Shumen. \end{enumerate} \\
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                  11. Type of the suggested infrastructure: \begin{itemize} \item Self-situated; \item In several locations connected into a network; \item Virtual \end{itemize} & The core of RACIO is NAO Rozhen, which is a self-situated center, with existing astronomical equipment (observing, housing and administrative infrastructure of the NAO). Other RACIO facilities are: the Department of Astronomy of the Sofia University and its observatories in Sofia and Plana and the Astronomical Center of the University of Shumen. \\
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                  12. FTE scientific/ engineering staff & 96 employees (This is the sum of the scientific, engineering and additional personnel of the three institutions in 2014. 20\% more are needed for the efficient execution of RACIO). \\
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                  13. Total investment for the construction of the infrastructure, including maintenance. & 24,000,000 BGN for 5 years \\
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                  14. Types of costs (construction, maintenance, networking, participation in international networks, etc.). & \begin{itemize} \item Investigation of the energy efficiency of the main domestic and administrative building at the National Astronomical Observatory \item Building/renovation works for external wall insulation of the buildings (including observing towers, the domestic and administrative building) \item Incorporating central heating the two domestic buildings \item Renovation of the housing part of NAO with the aim of accommodating visitors and students throughout the year \item Renovation of the facilities of the Department of Astronomy \item Supporting the existing observing equipment, upgrading the observing facilities \item Renewing the light detectors \item Extending the powers of observations at NAO -- building two new robotic 1.2-meter telescopes, with their relevant infrastructure on the territory of the Observatory \item Creating the opportunity for distance observations and robotizing the current working telescopes \item Laying fiber-optic cable connecting NAO with the national communication network \item Creation of archive for the astronomical observations \end{itemize} \\
                   & \begin{itemize} \item Connecting to the Virtual Observatory \item Modernizing visitor centers and building new ones for nightly observations of visitors and amateur astronomers at NAO and Astronomical Center of Shumen University \item Building headquarters of RACIO in Sofia, which will also include a planetarium \item Incorporation of alternative energy sources (where appropriate) \end{itemize} \\
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                  15. Average annual number of users of RI: & \begin{itemize} \item 150 astronomers -- researchers and lecturers (local and foriegn) \item 300 students (at university and high school level) \item 21\,000 visitors (from the country and abroad) \item 7000 virtual visitors \item Total average annual number of users: 28\,500 \end{itemize} \\
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                  15.1. Approximate percentage of individual users of the number pointed in section 15 & The number of foreign users of the astronomical facilities in Bulgaria is strongly dependent on their technical condition and modernization. The creation of new facilities and renovation of the existing ones will drastically raise the interest among the scientists and the number of foreign astronomers visiting Bulgaria might increase to reach up to 100\% of the number of the Bulgarian astronomers. However, the more important result of the modernization of the astronomical equipment will be its incorporation in the observing program of the European network of 2-4 meter class telescopes coordinated by OPTICON. \\
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                  15.2. Number of users in the given industry & Potentially more than 10 tour operator companies from the tourism sector, organizing trips to more than 10\,000 visitors to NAO Rozhen every year, plus about 10\,000 more individual visitors. The visitors to the Astronomical Observatory in Sofia may number up to 2\,000 per year, including both general public and school classes. The Astronomical Center of the University of Shumen hosts on average about 1\,500 visitors per year. \\
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                  15.3. Number of foreign users & 75 \\
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                  15.4. Number of virtual users & 7\,000 per year \\
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                  16. Opportunity to carry out: \begin{itemize} \item Scientific research \item Training \item Research and technology transfer \item Combination of different funding sources /Capital structure \end{itemize} & RACIO relies on the potential of the existing specialists and equipment as well as the research and education traditions in astronomy in Bulgaria. \begin{itemize} \item There is a strong basis for professional astronomical observations: the National Astronomical Observatory (the largest active astronomical facility in the region), the Astronomical Observatory in Belogradchik, the observing equipment of the Astronomy Department (Sofia University Observatory, Plana Student Observatory) and the Astronomical Center of the University of Shumen \item With the use of the existing equipment students in astronomy, both national and international, are trained at all educational levels. Planned student workshops and astronomical schools are organized for both university and high-school students \item Bulgarian astronomers participate in multinational partnerships and international observing campaigns \item The Astronomy department (St Kliment Ohridski Sofia University)  is the only Bulgarian institution accredited to teach astronomy at all professional levels -- bachelor, master and PhD (last accreditation in 2013) \item The Astronomy department (St Kliment Ohridski Sofia University) takes part in the preparation of the National educational requirements for the subject of Astronomy, taught at high-school level, as well as in writing the relevant books needed for the subject \end{itemize} \\
                   & \begin{itemize} \item Due to the fundamental nature of astronomical research, its development is strongly dependent on the country's financial support from the budget for the Academy and the Universities. Other major sources of funding are contracts with the Bulgarian Science Fund, Ministry of Education and Science, as well as European funds for science and education \end{itemize} \\
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                  17. Major international projects & Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) \begin{itemize} \item Bilateral colaboration projects with Belgium, Poland, Russia, Czech Republic, India \item International project FLAME by the European Southern Observatory (ESO) \item COST-action MP1104 ``Polarization as a tool to study the Solar System and beyond'' \item COST-action MP0905 ``Black Holes in a Violent Universe'' \item Bcool -- An international collaboration to study the dynamo generation of magnetic fields in cool stars (\url{http://bcool.ast.obs-mip.fr/Bcool/Bcool_cool_magnetic_stars.html}) \item The Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) consortium \end{itemize} \\
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                   & Astronomy Department, St Kliment Ohridski Sofia University \begin{itemize} \item Colaboration project with France and Kazakhstan \item Bilateral colaboration projects with Germany and India \item Operational Programme Human Resources Development project, BG051 PO001-3.3.06-0057 \item CTA Consortium (CTA stands for ``Cherenkov Telescope Array'') -- An observatory for ground-based gamma-ray astronomy \end{itemize} \\
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                   & Astronomical Center of the University of Shumen \begin{itemize} \item European project, part of the operational programmes ``Human Resources Development'' RESEARCHERS' NIGHT 2009 (call FP7-PEOPLE-NIGHT-2009) \item ``COSMOS: An Advanced Scientific Repository for Science Teaching and Learning'' (2007-2009) eContentplus-2006-410025 \item ``Student practice in astronomy in NAO Rozhen 2008-2009'' part of the programme ``Human Resources Development'' of the European Social Fund (2008-2009) \item ``The Pathway to Inquiry Based Science Teaching'' (2011-2014) SIS-CT-2010-266624 (FP7) \item ``LD-skills: Development of learning design skills for enhancing students' key competencies'' (2011-2013) 510276-LLP-2010-1-GR-COMENIUS-CMP-2D-skills \end{itemize} \\
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                  18. Does the available RI correspond to the needs of the scientific community in Europe & The available astronomical infrastructure in Bulgaria makes it a reliable and valuable partner for scientific research and education cooperation with EU, USA, Russia, China, Chile, and India. Bulgarian astronomers take part in numerous international partnership agreements. Foreign astronomers get access to Bulgarian astronomical equipment every year. Bulgaria is present, via individual or institutional memberships, in international astronomical organizations: \begin{itemize} \item NAO Rozhen is included in the database for European scientific infrastructures created by the European commission with ID 838 (\url{http://www.riportal.eu}) \item Bulgaria is linked with the European astronomical organization ASTRONET and the The Optical Infrared Co-ordination Network for astronomy (OPTICON) and NAO Rozhen is included in the educational program of OPTICON \item The country is represented in the Standing Committee for Physical and Engineering Sciences of the European Science Foundation \item The country is a member of the Sub-Regional European Astronomical Committee (SREAC) \item Scientist from the Institute of Astronomy is a board member of the international consortium ``Bcool to study the dynamo generation of magnetic fields in cool stars'' as coordinator for evolved stars \item Participant in two COST actions (COST is an intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in Science and Technology ) : MP1104 ``Polarization as a tool to study the Solar System and beyond'' and  MP0905 ``Black Holes in a Violent Universe'' \end{itemize} \\
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                  19. Other & The Institute of Astronomy with National Astronomical Observatory (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) provides logistic support to the meteorological station of the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), a seismographic station of the National Institute for Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), and an environmental monitoring station of the Ministry of Environment and Water in Bulgaria. In 2012 NAO got on its territory radio transmitter for the needs of the Bulgarian air traffic services authority. In 2012 the Institute of Astronomy with NAO started work on two contracts with: The Ministry of agriculture and food on ``Investigation of the influence of solar activity and climate change on population and quality of woods'' and The Ministry of Environment and Water in Bulgaria on ``Relationship between astronomical data for the atmosphere and air environmental parameters''. Project from operational programmes: \begin{enumerate} \item OP ``Human Resources Development'' -- ``Increasing the professional skills in the theory and practice in astronomy via multi-profile and interactive education'' (BG051PO001-3.3.06-0047) \item OP ``Competitiveness'' -- financing the publishing of the Bulgarian Astronomical Journal. \end{enumerate} Researchers from all three institutions work on 7 research projects funded by the Bulgarian Science Fund. \\
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